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OBJECTIVE: Our new technology, Bio-Texture Modeling®, using hybrid MDCT and 3D printing systems, enabled us to replicate patient-specific 3D organs. We developed replicas for simulation and training in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS) as they are essential but, currently, those available are inadequate.
METHODS: Collaboration between medicine and engineering allows us to carry out this type of project. Based on DICOM data from MDCT of a patient, 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printer can be used to accurately create a replica of the heart and thoracic cavity that is very life-like. We focused on the mitral valve and made the Mitral Complex Model (MCM), which included the left atrium, mitral valve, and left ventricle, using Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) material. The PVA gives the MCM a bio-texture.
RESULTS: Six cardiovascular surgeons evaluated the replica and in fact simulated MICS Mitral Valve Plasty (MVP) using it. Specifically, MICS is ring annuloplasty, artificial chordal reconstruction, resection & suture, and commissuroplasty with/without the use of a robot. MICS MVP, with/without a robot, can be fully completed using this replica. The shape and feeling of the replica are markedly similar to the real bio-texture of the patient’s organ, so we are sure that this replica can become the industry standard simulator & trainer for MICS procedures.
CONCLUSIONS: New 3D printing techniques facilitated tangible and safe surgical training and could help younger and less experienced surgeons to practice MICS procedures with life-like models. This replica can replace virtual simulation and training using animal organs. Currently, we are working on a replica of the aortic valve, and will simulate operations of the aortic valve on the replica.